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CAUSAL AGENT: Fungal disease caused by several species of the genus Rhizoctonia, including Rhizoctonia cerealis and Rhizoctonia solani. They are saprophytic fungi that survive on organic remains or tubers in the form of mycelium, or passively in the soil as sclerotia (small, irregular, hardened masses viable for at least 3-4 years under unfavorable conditions).

CAUSING AGENT: Caused by the ascomycete fungus Gaeumannomyces spp. G. tritici affects wheat, barley, triticale, and rye. G. avenae affects oats. The main source of infection is the mycelium, which remains dormant for up to two years in contaminated crop debris. Infection begins when roots come into contact with mycelium or ascospores in the soil.

CAUSAL AGENT: Fungal disease caused by species of the genus Oculimacula. It attacks the base of the plant, and is therefore classified as a foot rot. It primarily affects wheat, but also oats and barley. Temperatures of 5-15°C and humidity above 85% for at least 15 days trigger germination of the fungal spores.

CAUSAL AGENT: Powdery mildew is caused by ectoparasitic fungi that form whitish, powdery spots on the surface of their hosts. There are different special forms depending on the cereal they attack, such as: tritici (wheat), hordei (barley), avenae (oats), secalis (rye). The fungal mycelium develops externally, with only the haustoria penetrating the leaf to feed.

CAUSAL AGENT: Lepidoptera of the Tortricidae family whose larva attacks developing peas. Adult: The adult moth measures, with its wings extended, between 12-15 mm in length.

CAUSAL AGENT: Insects of the Aphididae family that bite stems, leaves, flowers and pods, usually observed near the flowering stage (although they can occur earlier if conditions are right). Depending on the species (Acyrthosiphon spp., Aphis spp., Myzus spp., Therioaphis spp., etc.) they attack various legumes. All legumes are susceptible to attack (peas, lentils, vetch, alfalfa, etc.).

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

CAUSAL AGENT: Disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae, with two pathovars (whose symptoms are difficult to differentiate): P. syringae pv. pisi (bacterial grease), which affects peas and for which eight races have been described, and P. syringae pv. syringae (brown mottle), which can affect other crops, including legumes such as vetches, chickpeas, and chickpeas.

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

CAUSAL AGENT: Orobanche crenata is a holoparasitic plant, without chlorophyll, which to obtain water and nutrients penetrates the roots of its host plants, which include practically all cultivated legumes (lentils, chickpeas, peas, vetch, garden peas, etc.). The stem, when it begins to emerge from the soil, resembles an asparagus.

Alfalfa is a very important crop in Castile and León, the third largest producing region. It is a traditional crop that is highly adaptable to both irrigated and dry land.

Alfalfa is a very important crop in Castile and León, the third largest producing region. It is a traditional crop that is highly adaptable to both irrigated and dry land.

CAUSAL AGENT: Aerial fungal disease caused by various species of the genus Erysiphe (E. baeumleri, E. difusa, E. pisi, E. polygoni, E. trifolii, etc.). It affects virtually all legumes (pea, vetch, broad bean, kidney bean, chickpea, lentil, lupin, alfalfa, etc.).

CAUSAL AGENT: Caused by the fungi Fusarium solani (neck and root rot) and F. oxysporum (wilt), both with a high number of hosts, including legume crops (peas, chickpeas, lentils, vetch, latiros, lupins, beans, alfalfa, etc.). However, F. oxysporum is structured in special forms that attack a single species or a limited number of them. F. solani is more generalist.

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

Inventory of innovative projects implemented by supra-regional operational groups of the European Partnership for Innovation for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability of the National Rural Development Programme (PNDR) 2014-2022, submeasure 16.2.

Very voracious defoliating caterpillar that can cause drying and death of affected plants.