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CAUSAL AGENT: A disease caused by various fungi of the genera Fusarium and Microdochium present in many soils. Most species are saprophytic, living on plant debris. Fusarium wilt affects a wide range of plants, including many cereals (wheat, barley, oats) and other grasses.

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

CAUSAL AGENT: The disease is caused in wheat by various races of the fungus Puccinia recondita R., also called Puccinia triticina E., and by Puccinia hordei O. in barley. The degree of resistance or susceptibility of a wheat to infection depends on the variety planted and the rust race that attacks it.

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

CAUSAL AGENT: Fungal disease caused by the species Puccinia graminis. Within this species, several special forms (f.sp.) are distinguished. Depending on these, in relation to winter cereal crops: P. graminis f.sp. tritici can affect wheat, triticale, and barley. P. graminis f.sp. avenae affects oats. P. graminis f.sp. secalis affects rye and barley.

CAUSAL AGENT: Fungal disease caused by several species of the genus Rhizoctonia, including Rhizoctonia cerealis and Rhizoctonia solani. They are saprophytic fungi that survive on organic remains or tubers in the form of mycelium, or passively in the soil as sclerotia (small, irregular, hardened masses viable for at least 3-4 years under unfavorable conditions).

CAUSING AGENT: Caused by the ascomycete fungus Gaeumannomyces spp. G. tritici affects wheat, barley, triticale, and rye. G. avenae affects oats. The main source of infection is the mycelium, which remains dormant for up to two years in contaminated crop debris. Infection begins when roots come into contact with mycelium or ascospores in the soil.

CAUSAL AGENT: Fungal disease caused by species of the genus Oculimacula. It attacks the base of the plant, and is therefore classified as a foot rot. It primarily affects wheat, but also oats and barley. Temperatures of 5-15°C and humidity above 85% for at least 15 days trigger germination of the fungal spores.

CAUSAL AGENT: Powdery mildew is caused by ectoparasitic fungi that form whitish, powdery spots on the surface of their hosts. There are different special forms depending on the cereal they attack, such as: tritici (wheat), hordei (barley), avenae (oats), secalis (rye). The fungal mycelium develops externally, with only the haustoria penetrating the leaf to feed.

CAUSAL AGENT: Lepidoptera of the Tortricidae family whose larva attacks developing peas. Adult: The adult moth measures, with its wings extended, between 12-15 mm in length.

CAUSAL AGENT: Insects of the Aphididae family that bite stems, leaves, flowers and pods, usually observed near the flowering stage (although they can occur earlier if conditions are right). Depending on the species (Acyrthosiphon spp., Aphis spp., Myzus spp., Therioaphis spp., etc.) they attack various legumes. All legumes are susceptible to attack (peas, lentils, vetch, alfalfa, etc.).

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

Castile and León is known as the breadbasket of Spain: it sows just over a third of the national land area devoted to winter cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rye, and triticale).

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

CAUSAL AGENT: Disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae, with two pathovars (whose symptoms are difficult to differentiate): P. syringae pv. pisi (bacterial grease), which affects peas and for which eight races have been described, and P. syringae pv. syringae (brown mottle), which can affect other crops, including legumes such as vetches, chickpeas, and chickpeas.

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.

In Castile and León, legumes are used as fallow crops in rotation with cereals, and their cultivation under irrigated land is practically ruled out. Legumes are a group of species belonging to the Leguminosae family, subfamily Fabaceae, cultivated for their fodder or for their seeds or grains, and are useful for both animal and human nutrition due to their high protein content.